"The variable denotes the best estimate of whether national elections were free and fair or not, based on the criteria of the classification by Lührmann et al. (2018) and the assessment by V-Dem’s experts. 1 if elections were free and fair and 0 if not."

The variable Freedom of Association Score denotes the best estimate of the extent to which parties, including opposition parties, are allowed to form and participate in elections, and the extent to which civil society organizations are allowed to form and operate freely. The variables ranges from 0 to 1 (most free).

The variable Equal Resource Distribution denotes the best estimate of the extent to which all social groups benefit from public spending, and have equal access to education, healthcare, and the welfare state. The index reaches from 0 to 1 (most equal).

The Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) – Africa, published by Transparency International in partnership with Afrobarometer, presents the largest, most detailed set of public opinion data on citizens’ views on corruption and direct experiences of bribery in Africa.

The variable Individuals Liberties Scores denotes the best estimate of the extent to which citizens enjoy physical integrity rights, freedoms of religion, of movement, and from forced labor, as well as access to justice, laws are transparent and public administration is impartial. The variables ranges from 0 to 1 (most rights).

Perceptions for various indicators. Estimate of governance (ranges from approximately -2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong) governance performance) Percentile rank among all countries (ranges from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest) rank)

Data from Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) – Africa, 2019

"The variable denotes the best estimate of the extent to which political elites consult other elites across the political spectrum and from relevant sectors of society and business when considering important policy changes. Higher scores mean more consultation."

Data from Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) – Africa, 2019

The Global State of Democracy Indices (GSoD Indices) measure democratic trends at the country, regional and global levels across a broad range of different attributes of democracy in the period 1975–2020. They do not provide a single index of democracy.